Where is the point of maximal impulse (PMI) normally located?

The point of maximal impulse (PMI) is typically located at the left fifth intercostal space in adults, specifically at the level of the fifth rib and the mid-clavicular line. This location is where the apex of the heart typically contacts the chest wall, allowing for optimal detection of the heartbeat during physical examination.

Knowing that the apex of the heart usually projects forward and downward, the fifth intercostal space along the mid-clavicular line serves as a reliable landmark for auscultation and palpation of the heart's activity. This anatomical positioning is crucial for healthcare providers to assess cardiac function and identify any abnormalities in heart rhythm or structure.

Other locations mentioned, such as the right upper quadrant of the abdomen or just above the sternum, do not correspond with the PMI under normal circumstances and would not provide accurate information about the heart's activity. These areas may involve other organs or structures that do not relate specifically to cardiac examination. Understanding the correct location aids in effective physical examinations and ensures accurate assessments of cardiac health.