What constitutes the ABCDEs of melanoma?

The ABCDEs of melanoma is a mnemonic used in dermatology to help identify potentially cancerous skin lesions. The components—Asymmetry, Borders, Color changes, Diameter, and Evolution—are critical in assessing moles and skin growths.

Asymmetry refers to the inability of a mole to be divided into two equal halves, which is often a red flag for skin cancer. If one side of the mole differs significantly in shape or size from the other, it raises suspicion.

Borders pertain to the edges of the mole being irregular, jagged, or blurred. Normal moles typically have smooth and even borders, while irregularities can indicate malignancy.

Color changes mean that the mole exhibits multiple colors—shades of brown, black, tan, or even white, red, or blue. This variation indicates abnormality as normal moles usually have a consistent color.

Diameter refers to the size of the mole, with a margin set at about 6 millimeters (about the size of a pencil eraser) being a warning sign. Moles larger than this should be evaluated further.

Evolution indicates any changes in the mole over time, such as changes in size, shape, color, or any new symptoms like itching or bleeding.