During a physical examination, which sign may indicate a serious underlying health issue?

Sudden weight loss can be a significant indicator of an underlying health issue. In clinical practice, weight loss is often evaluated within the context of a patient's overall health, lifestyle, and any accompanying symptoms. A rapid decrease in weight, particularly if it is unexplained or occurs without intentional changes in diet or exercise, can suggest a range of potential health concerns such as endocrine disorders (like hyperthyroidism), malignancies, gastrointestinal diseases, or psychological issues like depression or eating disorders.

Unlike sudden weight loss, the other choices reflect more normal or healthy states. Normal blood pressure indicates that the cardiovascular system is functioning well. A weight gain of less than 5 pounds typically does not raise immediate concern and may fall within the normal variations of a person's weight fluctuations. Additionally, engaging in a balanced diet and regular exercise signifies a healthy lifestyle, which is unlikely to signal serious health issues. Therefore, the presence of sudden weight loss stands out as a critical sign that warrants further investigation by a healthcare provider.