A sudden painless unilateral vision loss may be indicative of which condition?

Sudden painless unilateral vision loss is a clinical presentation that strongly suggests retinal detachment. In this condition, the retina separates from the underlying pigment epithelium, leading to a loss of proper visual function. This detachment often occurs without pain, which distinguishes it from other causes of vision loss that may present with more noticeable symptoms, such as pain or discomfort.

Patients may report seeing flashes of light or floaters before experiencing the vision loss itself. This symptomatology aligns well with the nature of retinal detachment. Timely intervention is crucial since if retinal detachment is not treated promptly, it can lead to permanent vision loss.

Other conditions mentioned can cause vision loss but often present with additional symptoms or a different pattern of vision impairment. Glaucoma typically involves a gradual loss of peripheral vision and may be associated with elevated intraocular pressure and pain in its acute form. Uveitis can lead to vision changes but usually presents with redness, pain, and photophobia. Macular degeneration predominantly causes central vision loss but is generally a gradual process, not a sudden event. Thus, the characteristics of sudden painless unilateral vision loss fit best with retinal detachment.